The reading of Scripture in our worship services is an inherent and essential feature of Christian worship.1 Scripture itself does not need renewal. It is the use of and importance of Scripture that needs renewal. There is “life” in the Word of God, but when it is read without preparation and care, the life drains out of it and the meaning is often lost. “There needs to be a revival of attention and care for the public reading of Scripture. We need to experience Scripture as the electrifying Word of God.”2
Reading Scripture in an intentional way will renew the people’s desire to listen and thus the impact will be greater. Reading intentionally involves thorough preparation and personal involvement with the Author of the Scriptures.
Biblical and Historical Use of Scripture in Worship
- Early Old Testament worship involved reading and re-enacting the Covenant with God. The Pentateuch (the Law) and the Prophets were the two main readings that were a part of early Jewish worship traditions (cf. Nehemiah 8:3-18; II Kings 22).
- New Testament worship services kept the two readings from the Old Testament and added readings from the apostolic writings (cf. I Thess. 2:13, 5:27; Col. 4:16; I Tim. 4:13). “Readings of the newer writings did not replace the Old Testament readings, but augmented them.”3
- Early church liturgical patterns included three readings: one from the Old Testament and two from the New – an epistle and a gospel.4 Often, a Psalm was used as a “song” or response to another passage of Scripture.The nature of worship is a pattern of revelation and response. God speaks (reveals Himself) and His people respond.
- In that pattern of revelation and response, the reading of Scripture in public worship is part of a public dialogue between God and the people of God. The Word includes words of instruction, encouragement, and counsel from the Lord (revelation). The people’s response is varied and can include confession, praise and adoration, awe, action, etc.
- Reading Scripture in public worship is an act of worship that has been performed by believers throughout history in churches around the world.
- Use of Scripture in Public Worship Today
- Many churches of the “free church” tradition have only one passage of Scripture read during the worship service. This is usually the sermon text and is read just prior to the sermon.
- On occasion, a Psalm is read during the worship music time or as a responsive reading.
- In many churches only the Pastor or deacons can read Scripture in public worship. Other churches recognize the practical implications for worship in the belief of the priesthood of all believers and that the Word of God belongs to the people of God, not just to the church leadership.
- Importance of doing all we do to the best of our ability and for the Glory of God
- (I Cor. 10:31 NIV “So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God”). This includes the reading of Scripture in the worship service.
- The Six “P’s”
- A. Prayer - We should not only pray through the text, but also ask God for understanding and the correct interpretation and meaning to share with the people. We should also pray for the ministry of the Holy Spirit in people’s hearts that they would receive the Word of God and apply it. We need to pray for ourselves and ask God to search our hearts and cleanse us, so He can use us in this ministry. Pray through Psalm 119:10-18 as you begin preparation.
B. Pauses, phrasing, and intonation/emphasis – Bring meaning to the text by proper use of these skills.
- Pauses: use to emphasize what has just been said or to call attention to what is about to be said
- Phrasing: organize the material into phrases that make the most sense, so those listening can clearly understand the text; requires careful preparation and experimentation; meaning can be completely changed if the phrasing is off
- Intonation/emphasis: especially for English, the stress or emphasis put on a word can determine the meaning of the text. Emphasis can be added by using combinations of effects such as volume, inflection, and stress.5
C. Poise/Confidence/Presence – Ideas for manifesting the presence of one who proclaims the Word of God:
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- “Nervousness often indicates a preoccupation with self,”6 therefore, be preoccupied with the Word of God, not yourself (i.e. how you will do, how you look, what if…)
- Pray a short prayer of preparation just before it is time for you to read – “Father, I proclaim your Word because I love you and I love your people”7
- Walk confidently when moving to the platform to read
- Know where you are going and the route to get there
- Stand tall and don’t slump
- Arrive early and dress appropriately (not to call attention to yourself)
- Be prepared
- Take a deep breath before beginning (but don’t exhale into the mic)
D. Preparation of text
- Some ways to prepare for the reading of Scripture in the worship service:
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- Pray the Scripture that is to be read
- Study the passage for historical setting, meaning of words used, and theological ideas
- Practice the reading with other members of a lay readers’ group.8
- Mark the text for pauses, phrasing, etc.
- Additionally, take time to study the text devotionally throughout the week before you are to read.
- E. Practice – Intentionally practice for Scripture reading in public worship in the same way one would practice for singing or playing special music for the service.
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- Read the text aloud! Not just once or twice, but six to eight times!
- Read in front of a mirror.
- Read into a tape recorder and critique your reading.
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- Posture, breathing, and voice projection - (Mrs. Tomono will teach this section)
- Scripture presentation as a ministry and art - The role of Scripture reader in the worship service should not be taken lightly. It is not just an area of service, but a lay ministry, and should be considered so by those who choose or are chosen for that role. As in any other ministry, there are those who are gifted with or suited for the ministry of Scripture reader, and there are those whose gifts are better used elsewhere.
- Oral “interpretation” of the written Word – Reading is vocal interpretation.
- We should ask people keep their Bibles closed and listen with their ears and hearts. Otherwise, they are interpreting for themselves as they read along. Because we interpret what we read, it is vital that we understand what is taking place in the passage we are reading in public, in order to interpret it correctly. This involves:
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- checking with the Pastor,
- looking in concordances,
- reading before and after the assigned text to understand the “context,” as well as the emotion and meaning contained in the text.
- Our task is to make the Word come “alive” in the minds and hearts of the people as they listen.
Styles of presentation:
- Whole congregation - The entire congregation reads this simultaneously from the Bible or words printed in the bulletin or on a screen. The Scripture reader leads. (Psalm 23; Psalm 100)
Responsive Reading - Usually has parts for a leader and for the congregation. The congregation parts can be divided into men and women, adults and children, left and right sides of the sanctuary. (The Lord’s Prayer; Matthew 5:1-12; Psalm 103)
Monologue - One person reads but changes voices for different characters in the story. (Ruth 1:1-18; Luke 24:13-35)
Dialogue (and with narrator) - Requires a reader for each character speaking and a narrator. Dramatic readers should have good facial expression, posture, and vocal ability. They may occasionally look at each other and at the congregation or at some distant place, above the heads of the audience This material should be practically memorized. (II Samuel 12:1-25; John 4:1-42)
Readers’ Theater - Similar to dialogue, readers’ theatre is an interpretive oral reading activity. Readers use their voices, facial expressions, and hand gestures to interpret characters in scripts or stories. It has a strong focus on the text. This style of reading is originally from England and is done seated, with the text on a music stand. The text should be almost memorized. (Mark 14:66-72)
Dramatic Reading (storytelling) - One person uses multiple voices for characters. Different from monologue because it is memorized. It can be told with the Scripture paraphrased. (Matthew 19:16-30)
Drama with characters – Scripture passage acted out with costumes (simple or elaborate) and multiple characters. (Matthew 20:1-16)
Sung response – Antiphon – Usually a responsive reading interjected with a Scripture song or other short chorus as response to the revelation proclaimed. (Psalm 103; Psalm 97)
Choral Reading - A presentation done by a group of presenters reading in unison, sometimes broken up by a solo reading or another combination of readers—all women, followed by all men, then by the choir, then all, and so forth. Certain verses may be pulled out and repeated as interjections throughout the reading. (Psalm 148 & 150)
聖書朗読による礼拝への新たな息吹
私達の礼拝における聖書朗読はクリスチャンの礼拝の本質的な特徴で
聖書朗読を意識してすることは人々がさらに聴きたいという願いを新
礼拝における聖書的かつ歴史的な聖書朗読の用法
◆初期の旧約聖書における礼拝は、朗読と神との再契約の儀式が含まれ
◆新約聖書における礼拝は旧約聖書からのこの二大朗読が保たれ
◆初期の教会典礼方法は3つの朗読を含みました。1つは旧約聖書から
◆そのような啓示と応答の様式において、公の礼拝での聖書朗読は神と
◆公の礼拝での聖書朗読は世界中の教会の歴史の中で信者によって行わ
今日における公の礼拝での聖書の用いられ方
◆多くの“自由教会”の伝統は、礼拝の中の聖書朗読は1ケ所のみです
◆しばしば詩篇は礼拝の音楽の時、又は交読するものとして読まれてい
◆多くの教会では牧師、又は執事のみが公の礼拝にて聖書を朗読するこ
私達のする事すべてがベストを尽くす事と神の栄光のためである事の
(Ⅰコリント10:31 NIV訳“こういうわけで、あなたがたは、食べるにも、飲むにも
6つのP
- 祈り―私たちは単に箇所を通して祈るだけではなく、人々と分かち合うため
に理解と正しい解釈と意味を神に願うべきです。又 、私たちは人々が神の言葉を受け取り、それを適用させるために 、人々の心の中の聖霊の働きを祈るべきです。私たちは自分自身のた めに祈り、又神に私達の心の内を探り聖めて下さる事を願い求める必 要があります。そうする事により、神は私達をこのミニストリーへと 用いられます。準備を始める時、詩篇119:10 -18を通して祈りましょう。
- 間、フレージング(句節法)、抑揚、強調-これらの技術を適切に用いる事によって箇所に意味をもたらす。
◆ 間:今語られた事を強調するため、又今語られた事に注目するために
◆ フレージング:聖書箇所を正しい句節で切って読む事で
◆ 抑揚/強調:特に英語では単語の語勢や強調が箇所の意味を決定します
- 平静さ/自信/態度―神の言葉を宣言する者の振る舞いのアイデア
◆ “緊張感はしばしば自分自身の事しか考えられないようにさせます”
◆ 読む直前に短い祈りをしましょう。
“お父様、私はあなたの言葉を宣言します。なぜなら私はあなたとあな
◆ 朗読する場へ移動する時、自信を持って歩きましょう。
◆ そこへの行き方を知りましょう。
◆ 背筋を伸ばし、うなだれないように。
◆ 早くに到着し、適切に装いましょう。(自分自身に注目させるためで
◆ 始める前に深く息を吸いましょう。
- 箇所の準備 - 礼拝における聖書朗読のための様々な準備方法:
- み言葉に添って祈りましょう。
- その箇所の歴史的背景、言葉の使われ方の意味、そして神学的なこと
を学びましょう。 - 他の朗読グループのメンバー達と共に、練習しましょう。
- 間を取る場所や文節部分等に印(マーク)を付けましょう。
- これらに加えて、読む前の週を通じてその箇所を勉強するための時間
を取りましょう。
E. 練習-礼拝の特別賛美のための練習をするのと同じく、公の礼拝における
◆ 本文を大きな声で読みましょう! 1回、2回だけでなく6回から8回!
◆ 鏡の前で読みましょう。
◆ 録音してみて、自分の読み方を批評してみましょう。
- 姿勢、息つぎ、声の工夫-
ミニストリーや芸術としての聖書朗読-礼拝における聖書朗読者の役割は軽んじられるものではありません
文字の口頭“解釈”-朗読とは音声の解釈です。
私たちは人々に聖書を閉じて、耳と心を傾けて聴くよう頼むべきです
◆ 牧師とのチェック。
◆ コンコルダンス(用語解説)の使用。
◆ 箇所に込められた感情と意味と同様、“文脈”を理解するために
私達の任務は、人々が御言葉を聴く時に心と思いにおいて御言葉を
プレゼンテーションの形式
会衆全体-会衆全員で聖書から、又は週報やスクリーンの言葉を一斉
交読-通常はリーダーと会衆に分かれます。会衆は男性と女性
モノローグ-1人の人が物語の中で登場人物ごとに声を変えて読むこ
(ルツ記 1:1-18/ルカ24:13-35)
対話(ナレーター付)―登場人物ごとの語りとナレーターで行われる
朗読者劇場(リーダーズ・シアター)―対話と似ていますが
ドラマティック・リーディング(物語調)-1人の人が多様な声を用
登場人物と演劇(ドラマ)―聖書箇所が衣装(シンプル又は凝った
応答頌歌式朗読―交唱―朗読が聖歌又は他の短いコーラスと共に啓示
合唱朗読―グループによって行われるもので、ひとつのパートだけ